Orient and Occident, Michaelmas Term, Block One, English Language & Grammar

Day One


~Welcome the Day


Light a candle and recite and sing:Morning Verse (by Rudolf Steiner)


I look into the world


Wherein there shines the sun’


Wherein there gleam the stars,


Wherein there lie the stones.


The plants they live and grow,


The beasts they feel and live,


And man to spirit gives


A dwelling in his soul.


I look into the soul


That living dwells in me.


God’s spirit lives and weaves


In light of sun and soul,


In height of worlds without,


In depth of soul within.


To Thee, o Spirit of God


I seeking turn myself


That strength and grace and skill


For learning and for work


In me may live and grow.

Sleep, Refreshing


Sleep, refreshing life anew;


Sun sparkling in the crystal morning dew;


Tasks of life fulfilling, steadfast, pursue.

Saint Michael Harvest Song


In autumn Saint Michael with sword and with shield


Passes over meadow and orchard and field.


He’s on his way to battle ‘gainst darkness and strife –


He is the heavenly warrior, protector of life.

The harvest let us gather with Michael’s aid;


The light he sheddeth fails not nor does it fade,


And when the corn is cut and the meadows are bare


We’ll don Saint Michael’s armour and onward we’ll fare.

We are Saint Michael’s warriors with strong heart and mind,


We forge our way through darkness Saint Michael to find.


And there he stands in glory; Saint Michael we pray,


Leads un on to battle and shows us the way.

Zeus (Homer)


He whose all-conscious eyes the world behold,


The eternal thunderer sat, enthroned in gold;


High heaven the footstool of his feet he makes


And wide beneath him all Olympus shakes.


Hymn to Prometheus (by Roy Wilkinson)


Hail to Prometheus, the Titan,


The helper of man and creator.


Clay was the substance he used


And in likeness of gods then he shaped it.


Goodness and evil from hearts


Of the beasts in man’s breast he enfolded.


Fire he brought down from the realms


Of the skies to perfect his creation.


Movement of stars he explained


To the wondering earth dwelling people.


Numbers he taught them to use


And the plants which heal sickness he showed them.


Symbols he taught them to write,


Representing the sounds of their speaking.


Building of ships he did teach


And the training of beasts to man’s service.


Into the depth of the earth


Did he guide men to find precious metals.


Zeus he defied and brought fire


Down again when the god would deny men.


Torment and anguish he suffered


For harsh was the fate decreed for him.


Bound to a cliff overhanging


A sinister cleft was Prometheus.


Bravely the Titan endured


And at length one arrived to release him.


~Recorder Practice


~Main Lesson


This first block, we will learn and also review some grammar and write essays and summaries.


It is easy to forget how powerful language can be – but as soon as someone says something hurtful, we remember – because we feel hurt. And, indeed, when someone says something very nice – then we feel really good and it makes us happy.


If we look at the creation story in the bible, we see how powerful the word, speech, language actually are. It is written that God said ‘’Let there be light’’ And there was light. 

He created the whole world and human beings and all life through the creative power of the word.


Our words are made up of vowels (also known as singing letters because of their ringing quality) and consonants (with their more defining quality).


The vowels are A E I O U. And the consonants are B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z.


So, let’s start our grammar block, keeping these things in the back of our minds, and prepare the new main lesson book:


Write ‘English Language and Grammar’ on the title page, and your name.


Then, on page one write:


‘IN THE BEGINNING WAS THE WORD,
AND THE WORD WAS WITH GOD,
AND THE WORD WAS GOD.’
St. John 1v.1


and decorate it colourfully.

Word

On page two is the contents. Write: ‘Contents’ at the top and ‘Page’ in the top right corner. Then, whenever you have written a new chapter in the book, add the title and page number. That way you’ll be able to find what you are looking for more quickly. Now number the pages in the outer bottom corner.

contens

On pages three and four write the following text:

Our Mother Tongue


It was in the very beginning of all creation, it says in the bible, that God said: ‘’Let there be Light’’ And there was light.


Through the voice of God, the creative power of language is revealed. All that exists, has been made through the Creative Word.


God said to ADAM, the first Human Being: ‘’Take on the Living Breath!’’

Ever since then, we, his descendants have also been called the Children of God.


Through His word, we became thinking, free beings who communicate through speech and, therewith, have the ability to explore the world and transform it.


The sounds that touch us in the most direct and the deepest way, are the vowels A E I O U. More defining are the consonants like F M P R S.

  • 1
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Now prepare an exercise book as well, in which you will be writing things like dictations and other exercises and corrections.

~Story Time


Read the first three chapters (pages 9 to 15) from D’Aulaires’ Book of Greek Myths.


~Snack Time & Break


~Painting


Greek Landscape and Temple


Paint the lower half of the paper with sweep of golden yellow, leaving the centre white. Then paint the sky with ultramarine blue. With Prussian blue, paint the bit of the sea, and the green tree on the left. Now dip your brush in the orange and paint over the golden yellow, leaving the temple golden.

Mountains

Orient and Occident, Michaelmas Term, Block One, English Language & Grammar


Day Two


~Welcome the Day(as on Day One)


~Recorder Practice


~Morning Exercises


We’ll do a little mental arithmetic for morning exercises, this block. Let’s begin with remembering fractions:


If you cut one whole pizza in four, you have four quarters – or four forth.
If you cut it in eight, you have…


Let’s say you have invited fifteen friends for your birthday and you are having pizza. So, there are sixteen of you altogether. How many Pizzas do you need in order to be able to give everyone a quarter of a pizza?

~Main Lesson


Today, let us review the verb (or doing word) and its significance. When we read a sentence, it is always the verb that tells us when something has happened, is happening or will happen. We could, therefore also call it ‘time word’ – but we will stick to the Latin word ‘verb’.


In the past we spoke about three tenses: the present tense, the past tense and the future tense.


But, you may have noticed that, when you speak, you use quite a few other tenses too. You say ‘I have just had my grammar lesson’ or ‘I am just having my knitting lesson’ or ‘I had just finished my morning verse when the phone rang’ or ‘I will have completed my lessons by three o’clock’ and so on…


So, let’s see what tenses these are. We are familiar with the ‘Simple Present’: ‘’I play’’. But there is also the ‘Present Perfect’ which is ‘’I have played’’.


We know the ‘Simple Past’: ‘’I played’’. But there is also the ‘Past Perfect’ which is ‘’I had played’’.


We also know the ‘Future I’ tense: ‘’I will Play’’. But there is also the ‘Future II’ tense’ which is ‘’I will have played’’.


So, let’s draw the six pointed star below, to show the six tenses now:

stars

Next, draw the picture of Gaea the Earth and Uranus, the sky, smiling at her with his many twinkling stars.

gods

~Story Time

Read the next chapter (pages 16 to 23) from D’Aularies’ Book of Greek Myths.

~Snack Time & Break

~Maths Practice

Have a look at your ruler, see how the numbers start at zero at the left and get bigger, step by step to the right.

one whole

Now imagine your ruler went on to the left as well. The numbers can’t get any smaller than zero, can they? No, of course not. However, they can go below zero, like the temperature does in the winter. When we reach freezing point, the temperature is on zero, but when it gets even colder, then the thermometer goes down to minus numbers – to negative numbers.

So, let’s draw such a number line. Make it horizontal, and 21 cm long. Now mark every cm and find the middle one, which is the zero mark. Write all the positive numbers after the zero, above the number line, and all the negative numbers before zero.

negative numbers

Then fill in the four boxes with the correct answer.


~


Now let’s remember a little about fractions. 

Imagine a nice round pizza: one whole or 1
Imagine cutting it in two: two halves or ½
Now cut it in four pieces and you have four quarters or 4/4
Cut each piece again and you have eight eighth or 8/8
Repeat and end up with sixteen sixteenth or 16/16
You could go on cutting pieces in half and get 32/32 and the 64/64 but the pieces would get terribly tiny…


But what we remember is that the higher the denominator gets (the number below the fraction line), the smaller the pieces get – because there are so many of them.


So, when adding and subtracting these fractions its terribly easy as long as they have the same denominator:


½ + ½ = 2/2 = 1


¼ + ¼ + ¼ = ¾


1/8 + 2/8 + 5/8 = 8/8 = 1


5/3 – 2/3 = 3/3 = 1


¾ -2/4 = ¼


and so on…


When the denominators differ, we have to find a denominator that all the fractions can have in common, for example


½ + ¼here we turn the halves into quarters (just cut the half of the pizza one more time – so we have quarters:


½ + ¼ = 2/4 +1/4 = ¾


Here are some for you:


1/5 + 2/10 + 2/5 + 2/10 =


3/3 – 2/6 =


4/5 – 6/10 =


Next week we’ll recall how to find a common denominator.

Orient and Occident, Michaelmas Term, Block One, English Language


Day Three


~Welcome the Day


~Recorder Practice


~Morning Exercises


It’s your Granny’s birthday and you have, very kindly, baked her a lovely cake. She has invited her three best friends over – and you and your mum, of course. If everyone is going to have two slices, into how many pieces will she have to cut it? (remember, Granny would like some too)


~Main Lesson


Let’s conjugate the verb ‘to think’ in all six tenses today.


When there is just one person, it is called singular, and when there are more than one, then it is called plural.
Write the following into your main lesson book:

Conjugating


1st person singularI 

2nd person singularyou

3rd person singularhe, she, it


1st person pluralwe
2nd person pluralyou
3rd person pluralthey

The Simple Present Tense


I think
you think
he thinks


We think
you think
they think

The Present Perfect Tense


I have thought
you have thought
he has thought
she has thought
it has thought


We have thought
you have thought
they have thought


The Simple Past Tense


I thought
you thought
he thought
she thought
it thought


We thought
you thought
they thought

The Past Perfect Tense


I had thought
you had thought
he had thought
she had thought
it had thought


We had thought
you had thought
they had thought

Future I (The Simple Future Tense)


I will think
you will think
he will think
she will think
it will think


We will think
you will think
they will think

Future II (The Future Perfect Tense)


I will have thought
you will have thought
he will have thought
she will have thought
it will have thought


We will have thought
you will have thought
they will have thought

then fill in the four boxes with the correct answer

Practice conjugating other verbs too, in all six tenses. Maybe choose one or two of your favourite activities, like swimming or baking.

~

Now make a drawing of Zeus.

zeus

~Story Time


Read the next two chapters (pages 24 to 29) from D’Aularies’ Book of Greek Myths.

~Snack Time & Break

~HandworkAs described.


Here is another sample:


Orient and Occident, Spring Term, Block Four, Botany


Day Twelve


~Welcome the Day


~Recorder Practice


~Morning Exercises


Choose one of the following words for each sentence below:


bottom – butterfly – button – gutter – cottage


‘’Mum, could you sew the ____________ on my shirt, please. I’ll need it for football practice tomorrow.’’
The cocoon turned into the most glorious ____________.
Aunt Mabel lives in a sweet little ____________ with a gorgeous garden around it.
The postman left a great big parcel at the ____________ of the stairs.
It rained so heavily for three days that the ____________ was flowing over in our street.

~Main Lesson


Yesterday you heard the chapter about lower and higher flowering plants, recall and discuss it a little now. Then read on about the blossom.


Next, write about the lower and higher flowering plants (we’ll write about their roots today and about their leaves tomorrow):


About Roots


With their roots, plants lower themselves into the kingdom of earth. It is rare that we can see them above the ground. They strive towards dark moisture and flee the light, for, without this connection with the earth, life in the airy spheres would be impossible. There are many different forms of roots; some are finely branched, others send strong, long taproots straight down into the earth, like the dandelion. Sometimes they are thick and rounded like turnips, radishes and beetroots. Then there are those plants that grow from bulbs; they are just like a thickening of the stem, with tiny roots at the bottom.


~


Make a drawing of the various root types next.

carriots turnips

~Story Time


Read from Charles Kovacs’ book ‘’Ancient Mythologies’’ about Babylonia: pages 148 to 151.

~Snack Time & Break


~Maths Practice


Revision all four mathematical operations with decimal fractions:

Plus


7.834.85149.081549.99
3.482.56327.155385.00
+1.06+3.14+211.42+2125.55_________________________

Minus


29.0097.25166.584356.90
- 4.99- 43.94-143.27-2168.25

__________________________

Times


Example:0.6 x 3.21à3.21
x0.6
1.926


Complete the following:


1.2 x 1.5 =

15 x 1.49 =

8.45 x 3.1 =

35 x 1.85 =

Divide


91.35 : 72.5(1.26)

21.3 : 5.68(2130 : 568 = 3.75)

4566 : 1.5(3044)

25 : 2.5(10)

Answers to the division problems: 1.26-2130:568=3.75-3044-10

Orient and Occident, Spring Term, Block Four, Botany


Day Thirteen


~Welcome the Day


~Recorder Practice


~Morning Exercises


Choose one of the following words for each sentence below:


barley – turkey – parsley – valley – jersey – spinney – journey


Another word for jumper is ____________.
The river created a deep ____________ over thousands of years.
The children love playing hide-and-seek in that ____________ over there.
My favourite herb is ____________. It makes any dish tasty!
Grandma likes to add a bit of ____________ to her vegetable soup – she says a bit of grain will keep me strong and healthy.
Uncle Geoffrey wished us a safe ____________, when we set off on the long drive home.
‘’Gobble-di-gook’’ said the ____________.

~Main Lesson


Yesterday you heard some more about the blossom. Recall and discuss the blossom. Next read the chapter about pollen, and then write about leaves:


About Leaves


As the roots lower themselves down into the earth, the stalk strives upwards towards the sun, while the leaves stretch out and give themselves completely to the waving, blowing air. If they grow on moist and shady ground, they spread themselves stolidly and create the lushest green. If they, however, stand on dry and rocky soil, they grow only small leaves, often quite hairy and shimmering grey.


The simple leaves have veins that run parallel. They don’t usually have any stalks on them. They grow straight from the stem. Often they are long and thin (Daffodil and Crocus)
Complicated Leaves have reticulate veins. They usually sit on a short leaf stem. These leaves are indented or consist of several parts (Rose and Clover).

One can place this variety of leaf and root shapes into two main groups:


Simple Leaves & BulbsComplicated Leaves & Strong Roots


TulipsNettles
DaffodilsTrees
LiliesClover
GladioliDandelion
CrocusRhubarb
SnowdropsWater Lilies
OrchidsRoses
Lily of the ValleyStrawberries
GrassesSunflower
GrainsViolets
CarnationsPeonies


~


Now draw the two main types of leaves below.


Iris and Lily-of-the-Valley

Nettle and Crowfoot

Nettle and Crowfoot

Read from Charles Kovacs’ book ‘’Ancient Mythologies’’ about Babylonia: pages 152 to 155 (would come true.).

~Story Time


Read from Charles Kovacs’ book ‘’Ancient Mythologies’’ about Babylonia: pages 152 to 155 (would come true.).

~Snack Time & Break

~Handwork


As described.

Orient and Occident, Spring Term, Block Four, Botany


Day Fourteen


~Welcome the Day


~Recorder Practice


~Morning Exercises


Choose one of the following words for each sentence below:


terrifying – lying – rhyme – hyphen – typist – dyeing – magnifying – dying


After washing, carding and spinning the wool, we had such fun ____________ it in all the colours of the rainbow.
Grandma was Churchill’s ____________ during the war. She knew all the secret correspondence.
Jenny made up a little ____________ to remind herself to water the plants regularly.
They thought the dog was ____________ but he was just really sleepy.
We were able to read it with the help of her ____________ glass.
‘’I don’t think he’d be ____________ about that. He has always told the truth.
‘’Do you write songbird with a ____________?’’ ‘’No, you write it in one word.’’
He found the ride in the Ferris wheel absolutely ____________.

~Main Lesson


You heard about pollen yesterday. Remember and discuss the chapter before reading the next one about flowers and butterflies.


Then and then write the names of the parts of the blossom and draw one in detail:


Gifts from the Earth
Calyx (crown of sepals)
Pistil (stigma, style)
Ovary


Gifts from the Sun
Stamens(crown of fine stalks: filament)
Pollen (heads of golden dust)


~


Remembering yesterday’s discussion about leaves, make a drawing of a buttercup, showing how the leaves change gradually, as the plant grows taller and closer to the sun.

~Story Time ancient

~Story Time


Read from Charles Kovacs’ book ‘’Ancient Mythologies’’ about Babylonia: pages 155 (Gilgamesh Finds a Friend) to 158 (the monster Khumbaba.).

~Snack Time & Break


~English Practice


To conclude our Persian studies, let us write some words from the Ancient Persian Holy Scripture ‘Zend Avesta’ into our Ancient Mythology main lesson book.


A great vision of Ahura Mazdao came to Zarathustra:


Glory be to Thee, Ahura-Mazdao, and Thy Archangels.
What is the first-best, what is the second-best, what is the third-best?
Ahura Mazdao:
The first-best is good thought,
The second-best is good words,
The third-best is good deeds.


What practise is good, which is better, which is the best?
Ahura Mazdao:
To invoke the Archangels is good,
To behold the Archangels is better,
To fulfil their intent is the best practice


~


Now make a drawing of Zarathustra’s vision.

mountain & humans

Orient and Occident, Spring Term, Block Four, Botany


Day Fifteen


~Welcome the Day


~Recorder Practice


~Morning Exercises


Choose one of the following words for each sentence below:


symphony – berry – bury – rhythm – syrup – enemy – poetry


Beethoven’s 5th is the most popular ____________ of all.
Jerry, who he thought of as his worst ____________, became his best friend.
Canadian maple ____________ is really delicious on pancakes.
‘’We went ____________ picking most days, during our stay in Sweden. Then, in the evening, Mum and Aunty Elizabeth made blueberry jam. Yummy!’’
What has Blackie done with the bone now? Did he ____________ it in the garden?
There is a whole ____________ section at the library. I am sure you’ll find at least one book with T.S.Elliot’s poems.
I can’t get the ____________ of that song out of my head… I keep tapping my foot to it.

~Main Lesson


Today’s chapter, about caterpillars and butterflies, carries on with yesterday’s musings, read it and then muse a little about it yourselves.


Then draw a flower, growing towards the sun, with a butterfly, circling the blossom. And write this little verse beneath it:

The Secret of Nature (by Rudolf Steiner)


Behold the plant!
It is the butterfly
Held prisoner by the earth.


Behold the butterfly!
It is the plant
By the whole cosmos freed.

butterfly

~Story Time


Read from Charles Kovacs’ book ‘’Ancient Mythologies’’ about Babylonia: pages 158 (The Curse of the Goddess Ishtar) to the end of page 164.

~Snack Time & Break


~Freehand Geometry


Draw a perfect square on a piece of cardboard, each of the four sides being one and a half inches long.
Now mark every half inch on each side (which creates three equal lengths of half an inch each).
Then cut the four corners off, first by drawing the new lines on, then cutting them with scissors.
You now have an eight-pointed shape called an Octagon.
Place it onto some coloured card or an old painting and draw around it eight times.
Cut the eight Octagons out and arrange them on a fresh page in your Freehand Geometry main lesson book as shown below.
Also cut out three little squares to fit exactly into the tiny spaces in-between, before gluing all the pieces onto the page.

Orient and Occident, Spring Term, Block Four, Botany


Day Thirteen


~Welcome the Day


~Recorder Practice


~Morning Exercises


Choose one of the following words for each sentence below:


barley – turkey – parsley – valley – jersey – spinney – journey


Another word for jumper is ____________.
The river created a deep ____________ over thousands of years.
The children love playing hide-and-seek in that ____________ over there.
My favourite herb is ____________. It makes any dish tasty!
Grandma likes to add a bit of ____________ to her vegetable soup – she says a bit of grain will keep me strong and healthy.
Uncle Geoffrey wished us a safe ____________, when we set off on the long drive home.
‘’Gobble-di-gook’’ said the ____________.

~Main Lesson


Yesterday you heard some more about the blossom. Recall and discuss the blossom. Next read the chapter about pollen, and then write about leaves:


About Leaves


As the roots lower themselves down into the earth, the stalk strives upwards towards the sun, while the leaves stretch out and give themselves completely to the waving, blowing air. If they grow on moist and shady ground, they spread themselves stolidly and create the lushest green. If they, however, stand on dry and rocky soil, they grow only small leaves, often quite hairy and shimmering grey.


The simple leaves have veins that run parallel. They don’t usually have any stalks on them. They grow straight from the stem. Often they are long and thin (Daffodil and Crocus)
Complicated Leaves have reticulate veins. They usually sit on a short leaf stem. These leaves are indented or consist of several parts (Rose and Clover).

One can place this variety of leaf and root shapes into two main groups:


Simple Leaves & Bulbs Complicated Leaves & Strong Roots


Tulips Nettles
Daffodils Trees
Lilies Clover
Gladioli Dandelion
Crocus Rhubarb
Snowdrops Water Lilies
Orchids Roses
Lily of the Valley Strawberries
Grasses Sunflower
Grains Violets
Carnations Peonies


~


Now draw the two main types of leaves below.

Iris and Lily-of-the-Valley

Nettle and Crowfoot


~Story Time


Read from Charles Kovacs’ book ‘’Ancient Mythologies’’ about Babylonia: pages 152 to 155 (would come true.).

~Snack Time & Break


~Handwork


As described.

Orient and Occident, Spring Term, Block Four, Botany


Day Fourteen


~Welcome the Day


~Recorder Practice


~Morning Exercises


Choose one of the following words for each sentence below:


terrifying – lying – rhyme – hyphen – typist – dyeing – magnifying – dying


After washing, carding and spinning the wool, we had such fun ____________ it in all the colours of the rainbow.
Grandma was Churchill’s ____________ during the war. She knew all the secret correspondence.
Jenny made up a little ____________ to remind herself to water the plants regularly.
They thought the dog was ____________ but he was just really sleepy.
We were able to read it with the help of her ____________ glass.
‘’I don’t think he’d be ____________ about that. He has always told the truth.
‘’Do you write songbird with a ____________?’’ ‘’No, you write it in one word.’’
He found the ride in the Ferris wheel absolutely ____________.

~Main Lesson


You heard about pollen yesterday. Remember and discuss the chapter before reading the next one about flowers and butterflies.


Then and then write the names of the parts of the blossom and draw one in detail:


Gifts from the Earth
Calyx (crown of sepals)
Pistil (stigma, style)
Ovary


Gifts from the Sun
Stamens (crown of fine stalks: filament)
Pollen (heads of golden dust)


~


Remembering yesterday’s discussion about leaves, make a drawing of a buttercup, showing how the leaves change gradually, as the plant grows taller and closer to the sun.




~Story Time


Read from Charles Kovacs’ book ‘’Ancient Mythologies’’ about Babylonia: pages 155 (Gilgamesh Finds a Friend) to 158 (the monster Khumbaba.).




~Snack Time & Break


~English Practice


To conclude our Persian studies, let us write some words from the Ancient Persian Holy Scripture ‘Zend Avesta’ into our Ancient Mythology main lesson book.


A great vision of Ahura Mazdao came to Zarathustra:


Glory be to Thee, Ahura-Mazdao, and Thy Archangels.
What is the first-best, what is the second-best, what is the third-best?
Ahura Mazdao:
The first-best is good thought,
The second-best is good words,
The third-best is good deeds.


What practise is good, which is better, which is the best?
Ahura Mazdao:
To invoke the Archangels is good,
To behold the Archangels is better,
To fulfil their intent is the best practice


~
Now make a drawing of Zarathustra’s vision.


Orient and Occident, Spring Term, Block Four, Botany


Day Fifteen


~Welcome the Day


~Recorder Practice


~Morning Exercises


Choose one of the following words for each sentence below:


symphony – berry – bury – rhythm – syrup – enemy – poetry


Beethoven’s 5th is the most popular ____________ of all.
Jerry, who he thought of as his worst ____________, became his best friend.
Canadian maple ____________ is really delicious on pancakes.
‘’We went ____________ picking most days, during our stay in Sweden. Then, in the evening, Mum and Aunty Elizabeth made blueberry jam. Yummy!’’
What has Blackie done with the bone now? Did he ____________ it in the garden?
There is a whole ____________ section at the library. I am sure you’ll find at least one book with T.S.Elliot’s poems.
I can’t get the ____________ of that song out of my head… I keep tapping my foot to it.

~Main Lesson


Today’s chapter, about caterpillars and butterflies, carries on with yesterday’s musings, read it and then muse a little about it yourselves.


Then draw a flower, growing towards the sun, with a butterfly, circling the blossom. And write this little verse beneath it:


The Secret of Nature (by Rudolf Steiner)


Behold the plant!
It is the butterfly
Held prisoner by the earth.


Behold the butterfly!
It is the plant
By the whole cosmos freed.




~Story Time


Read from Charles Kovacs’ book ‘’Ancient Mythologies’’ about Babylonia: pages 158 (The Curse of the Goddess Ishtar) to the end of page 164.

~Snack Time & Break


~Freehand Geometry


Draw a perfect square on a piece of cardboard, each of the four sides being one and a half inches long.
Now mark every half inch on each side (which creates three equal lengths of half an inch each).
Then cut the four corners off, first by drawing the new lines on, then cutting them with scissors.
You now have an eight-pointed shape called an Octagon.
Place it onto some coloured card or an old painting and draw around it eight times.
Cut the eight Octagons out and arrange them on a fresh page in your Freehand Geometry main lesson book as shown below.
Also cut out three little squares to fit exactly into the tiny spaces in-between, before gluing all the pieces onto the page.